Global wine consumption declined again in 2025, with nine of the world’s ten largest markets seeing demand fall.

According to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine. world wine consumption reached an estimated 208 million hectolitres (mhl) last year, down 2.7% from 214 mhl in 2024.

The figure extends a downward trend that has been in place since 2018, with global volumes now down 14% over that period, the OIV said.

The intergovernmental organisation, which represents more than 50 countries, said last year's decline “reflects the combined effect of long-term structural shifts in mature markets, changing consumer behaviour and recent economic pressure on purchasing power”.

High average prices, partly linked to three years of relatively low production and the after-effects of inflation, also continued to curb demand, the OIV said.

In the US, which is not a member of the OIV, consumption fell 4.3% to 31.9 mhl.

Wine consumption in France dropped 3.2% to 22 mhl, while, in Italy, it fell 9.4% to 20.2 mhl. In Germany, wine consumption declined 4.3% to 17.8 mhl.

China, where demand has been shrinking since 2018, posted another steep drop, down 13% to 4.8 mhl.

However, some markets saw consumption grow. Portugal reached a record 5.6 mhl, up 5.6% from 2024, while consumption in Brazil jumped 41.9% to 4.4 mhl and in Japan rose 6.8% to 3.3 mhl.

OIV director general John Barker said the industry was facing overlapping pressures.

“Over the past few years, the wine sector has been adapting to ongoing climatic, economic and societal challenges,” he said.

“In 2025, the disruption to international trade through tariff policies was yet another external impact that producers, exporters and supply chain must manage.”

Wine production was estimated at 227 mhl, up 0.6% on the weak 2024 vintage but still 9.4% below the five-year average.

The OIV said early frosts, heavy rainfall and prolonged drought affected vineyards across both hemispheres, while some producers also cut output in response to softer demand.

Trade also contracted. Global wine exports fell 4.7% to 94.8 mhl in 2025, while export value dropped 6.7% to €33.8bn ($39.6bn).

The OIV linked the decline to weaker demand, tariff-related uncertainty and wider trade tensions. US wine imports alone fell 11.6% in value to €5.5bn.

Barker said the market had so far stayed broadly balanced because lower production had offset falling consumption.

“Overall, the sector is showing its resilience, both looking for new market opportunities and adjusting production capacity in line with demand,” he said.