Spirits in Poland to 2014

Published: June 2010

Publisher: Datamonitor

Product ref: 92605

Pages: 210

Format: PDF

Delivery: By product vendor

Email details: Forward this to a colleague

Satisfaction guarantee: Yes - details here

Satisfaction guarantee

Satisfaction guarantee

Many resellers don't offer refunds full stop. We're different. If you are dissatisfied with your purchase let us know within 5 working days. If we are unable to address the problem to your satisfaction we will give you a full refund.

Price guarantee: Yes - details here

Price guarantee

Price guarantee

Our prices are competitive, and to ensure you get the most attractive deal available, we'll do our very best to match any price in the unlikely event you can find the same product for less elsewhere.

All we ask for is reasonable proof of the report being currently available at the lower price.

If you do find a lower price, contact James Jordan on: +44 (0)1527 573 618 Intl, 1-866-545-5878 Toll-Free from US or use the call back form below

Price: $ 495.00

Report description

Introduction

This databook provides key data and information on the spirits market in Poland. This report is a comprehensive resource for market, category and segment level data including value, volume, distribution share and company & brand share. This report also provides expenditure and consumption data for the historic and forecast periods.

Scope
  • Contains information on eight categories; whisk(e)y, gin & genever, liqueurs, vodka, tequila & mezcal, rum, specialty spirits and brandy
  • Market,category and segment level information on value, volume, and expenditure & consumption, with historic (2004-09) and forecast (2010-14) data
  • Category level company and brand share as well as distribution share information for 2008 and 2009
  • Review of the top two companies within the spirits market, including company overview, key facts and business description
Highlights

The market for spirits in Poland increased at a compound annual growth rate of 4.6% between 2004 and 2009.

The vodka category led the spirits market in Poland, accounting for a share of 86.2%.

Leading players in Polish spirits market include Belvédère S.A., Polmos Bialystok S.A. and Polmos Lublin.

Reasons to Purchase
  • Develop business strategies by understanding the quantitative trends within the spirits market in Poland
  • Design effective marketing and sales strategies by identifying key market categories and segments
  • Identify key players within the market to plan lucrative M&A, partnerships and agreements

Table of contents

Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Summary market level: spirits
Summary category level: brandy
Summary category level: liqueurs
Summary category level: rum
Summary category level: specialty spirits
Summary category level: gin & genever
Summary category level: whisk(e)y
Summary category level: tequila & mezcal
Summary category level: vodka

Chapter 2 Introduction
What is this report about?
How to use this report
Market definition

Chapter 3 Market Overview
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 4 Category Analysis: Brandy
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 5 Category Analysis: Liqueurs
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 6 Category Analysis: Rum
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 7 Category Analysis: Specialty Spirits
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 8 Category Analysis: Gin & Genever
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 9 Category Analysis: Whisk(e)y
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 10 Category Analysis: Tequila & Mezcal
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 11 Category Analysis: Vodka
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2004-09
Value analysis (Polish Zloty), 2009-14
Value analysis (US dollars), 2004-09
Value analysis (US dollars), 2009-14
Volume analysis, 2004-09
Volume analysis, 2009-14
Company and brand share analysis
Distribution analysis
Expenditure and consumption per capita

Chapter 12 Country Comparison
Value
Volume
Market share

Chapter 13 New Product Development
Product launches over time
Recent product launches

Chapter 14 Macroeconomic Profile
Macroeconomic Indicators

Chapter 15 Research Methodology
Methodology overview
Secondary research
Market modeling
Creating an initial data model
Revising the initial data model
Creating a final estimate
Creating demographic value splits
Primary research
Data finalization
Ongoing research

Chapter 16 Appendix
Future readings
How to contact experts in your industry
Disclaimer

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Spirits, Poland, value by category (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 2: Spirits, Poland, category growth comparison, by value, 2004-14
Figure 3: Spirits, Poland, volume by category (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 4: Spirits, Poland, category growth comparison, by volume, 2004-14
Figure 5: Spirits, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 6: Spirits, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 7: Brandy, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 8: Brandy, Poland, category growth comparison, by value, 2004-14
Figure 9: Brandy, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 10: Brandy, Poland, category growth comparison, by volume, 2004-14
Figure 11: Brandy, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 12: Brandy, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 13: Liqueurs, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 14: Liqueurs, Poland, category growth comparison, by value, 2004-14
Figure 15: Liqueurs, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 16: Liqueurs, Poland, category growth comparison, by volume, 2004-14
Figure 17: Liqueurs, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 18: Liqueurs, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 19: Rum, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 20: Rum, Poland, category growth comparison, by value, 2004-14
Figure 21: Rum, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 22: Rum, Poland, category growth comparison, by volume, 2004-14
Figure 23: Rum, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 24: Rum, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 25: Specialty spirits, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 26: Specialty spirits, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 27: Specialty spirits, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 28: Gin & genever, Poland, value (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 29: Gin & genever, Poland, volume (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 30: Gin & genever, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 31: Gin & genever, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 32: Whisk(e)y, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 33: Whisk(e)y, Poland, category growth comparison, by value, 2004-14
Figure 34: Whisk(e)y, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 35: Whisk(e)y, Poland, category growth comparison, by volume, 2004-14
Figure 36: Whisk(e)y, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 37: Whisk(e)y, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 38: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, value (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 39: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, volume (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 40: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 41: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 42: Vodka, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-14
Figure 43: Vodka, Poland, category growth comparison, by value, 2004-14
Figure 44: Vodka, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-14
Figure 45: Vodka, Poland, category growth comparison, by volume, 2004-14
Figure 46: Vodka, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 47: Vodka, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Figure 48: Global spirits market split (value terms, 2009), top five countries
Figure 49: Global spirits market value, 2004–09, top five countries
Figure 50: Global spirits market split (volume terms, 2009), top five countries
Figure 51: Global spirits market volume, 2004–09, top five countries
Figure 52: Annual data review process

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Spirits category definitions
Table 2: Spirits distribution channels
Table 3: Spirits, Poland, value by category (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 4: Spirits, Poland, value forecast by category (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 5: Spirits, Poland, value by category ($m), 2004-09
Table 6: Spirits, Poland, value forecast by category ($m), 2009-14
Table 7: Spirits, Poland, volume by category (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 8: Spirits, Poland, volume forecast by category (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 9: Spirits, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 10: Spirits, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 11: Spirits, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 12: Spirits, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 13: Spirits, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 14: Spirits, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 15: Spirits, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 16: Spirits, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 17: Spirits, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 18: Spirits, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 19: Spirits, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 20: Spirits, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 21: Brandy, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 22: Brandy, Poland, value forecast by segment (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 23: Brandy, Poland, value by segment ($m), 2004-09
Table 24: Brandy, Poland, value forecast by segment ($m), 2009-14
Table 25: Brandy, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 26: Brandy, Poland, volume forecast by segment (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 27: Brandy, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 28: Brandy, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 29: Brandy, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 30: Brandy, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 31: Brandy, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 32: Brandy, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 33: Brandy, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 34: Brandy, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 35: Brandy, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 36: Brandy, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 37: Brandy, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 38: Brandy, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 39: Liqueurs, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 40: Liqueurs, Poland, value forecast by segment (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 41: Liqueurs, Poland, value by segment ($m), 2004-09
Table 42: Liqueurs, Poland, value forecast by segment ($m), 2009-14
Table 43: Liqueurs, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 44: Liqueurs, Poland, volume forecast by segment (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 45: Liqueurs, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 46: Liqueurs, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 47: Liqueurs, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 48: Liqueurs, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 49: Liqueurs, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 50: Liqueurs, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 51: Liqueurs, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 52: Liqueurs, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 53: Liqueurs, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 54: Liqueurs, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 55: Liqueurs, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 56: Liqueurs, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 57: Rum, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 58: Rum, Poland, value forecast by segment (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 59: Rum, Poland, value by segment ($m), 2004-09
Table 60: Rum, Poland, value forecast by segment ($m), 2009-14
Table 61: Rum, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 62: Rum, Poland, volume forecast by segment (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 63: Rum, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 64: Rum, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 65: Rum, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 66: Rum, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 67: Rum, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 68: Rum, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 69: Rum, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 70: Rum, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 71: Rum, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 72: Rum, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 73: Rum, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 74: Rum, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 75: Specialty spirits, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 76: Specialty spirits, Poland, value forecast by segment (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 77: Specialty spirits, Poland, value by segment ($m), 2004-09
Table 78: Specialty spirits, Poland, value forecast by segment ($m), 2009-14
Table 79: Specialty spirits, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 80: Specialty spirits, Poland, volume forecast by segment (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 81: Specialty spirits, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 82: Specialty spirits, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 83: Specialty spirits, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 84: Specialty spirits, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 85: Specialty spirits, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 86: Specialty spirits, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 87: Specialty spirits, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 88: Specialty spirits, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 89: Specialty spirits, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 90: Specialty spirits, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 91: Specialty spirits, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 92: Specialty spirits, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 93: Gin & genever, Poland, value (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 94: Gin & genever, Poland, value forecast (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 95: Gin & genever, Poland, value ($m), 2004-09
Table 96: Gin & genever, Poland, value forecast ($m), 2009-14
Table 97: Gin & genever, Poland, volume (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 98: Gin & genever, Poland, volume forecast (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 99: Gin & genever, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 100: Gin & genever, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 101: Gin & genever, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 102: Gin & genever, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 103: Gin & genever, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 104: Gin & genever, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 105: Gin & genever, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 106: Gin & genever, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 107: Gin & genever, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 108: Gin & genever, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 109: Gin & genever, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 110: Gin & genever, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 111: Whisk(e)y, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 112: Whisk(e)y, Poland, value forecast by segment (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 113: Whisk(e)y, Poland, value by segment ($m), 2004-09
Table 114: Whisk(e)y, Poland, value forecast by segment ($m), 2009-14
Table 115: Whisk(e)y, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 116: Whisk(e)y, Poland, volume forecast by segment (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 117: Whisk(e)y, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 118: Whisk(e)y, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 119: Whisk(e)y, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 120: Whisk(e)y, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 121: Whisk(e)y, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 122: Whisk(e)y, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 123: Whisk(e)y, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 124: Whisk(e)y, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 125: Whisk(e)y, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 126: Whisk(e)y, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 127: Whisk(e)y, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 128: Whisk(e)y, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 129: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, value (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 130: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, value forecast (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 131: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, value ($m), 2004-09
Table 132: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, value forecast ($m), 2009-14
Table 133: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, volume (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 134: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, volume forecast (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 135: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 136: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 137: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 138: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 139: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 140: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 141: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 142: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 143: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 144: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 145: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 146: Tequila & mezcal, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 147: Vodka, Poland, value by segment (PLNm), 2004-09
Table 148: Vodka, Poland, value forecast by segment (PLNm), 2009-14
Table 149: Vodka, Poland, value by segment ($m), 2004-09
Table 150: Vodka, Poland, value forecast by segment ($m), 2009-14
Table 151: Vodka, Poland, volume by segment (liters, million), 2004-09
Table 152: Vodka, Poland, volume forecast by segment (liters, million), 2009-14
Table 153: Vodka, Poland, brand share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 154: Vodka, Poland, volume by brand (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 155: Vodka, Poland, company share by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 156: Vodka, Poland, volume by company (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 157: Vodka, Poland, distribution channels by volume (%), 2008-09
Table 158: Vodka, Poland, volume by distribution channel (liters, million), 2008-09
Table 159: Vodka, Poland, expenditure per capita (PLN), 2004-09
Table 160: Vodka, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita (PLN), 2009-14
Table 161: Vodka, Poland, expenditure per capita ($), 2004-09
Table 162: Vodka, Poland, forecast expenditure per capita ($), 2009-14
Table 163: Vodka, Poland, consumption per capita (liters), 2004-09
Table 164: Vodka, Poland, forecast consumption per capita (liters), 2009-14
Table 165: Global spirits market value, 2009
Table 166: Global spirits market split (value terms ($m), 2009), top five countries
Table 167: Global spirits market volume, 2009
Table 168: Global spirits market split (volume terms, 2009), top five countries
Table 169: Leading players, top five countries
Table 170: Poland spirits new product launches reports, by company, 2009
Table 171: Poland spirits new product launches SKUs, by company, 2009
Table 172: Poland spirits new product launches (reports), by flavor and fragrances, 2009
Table 173: Poland spirits new product launches (reports), by ingredients, 2009
Table 174: Poland spirits new product launches (reports), by package tags or claims, 2009
Table 175: Poland spirits new product launches - recent launches (2009)
Table 176: Poland population, by age group, 2004-09 (millions)
Table 177: Poland population forecast, by age group, 2009-14 (millions)
Table 178: Poland population, by gender, 2004-09 (millions)
Table 179: Poland population forecast, by gender, 2009-14 (millions)
Table 180: Poland nominal GDP, 2004-09 (PLNbn, nominal prices)
Table 181: Poland nominal GDP forecast, 2009-14 (PLNbn, nominal prices)
Table 182: Poland real GDP, 2004-09 (PLNbn, 2000 prices)
Table 183: Poland real GDP forecast, 2009-14 (PLNbn, 2000 prices)
Table 184: Poland real GDP, 2004-09 ($bn, 2000 prices)
Table 185: Poland real GDP forecast, 2009-14 ($bn, 2000 prices)
Table 186: Poland consumer price index, 2004-09 (2000=100)
Table 187: Poland consumer price index, 2009-14 (2000=100)

Price: $ 495.00

Related research categories

By sector: Spirits

By market: Poland (in Europe)